工人力量的变化与中国经济增长——基于规模以上工业企业数据的分析

The Evolution of Working-class Power and China's Economic Growth:Based on the Practice of Industrial Sector

本文立足于马克思主义经济学的分析视角,将工人力量的变化引入对中国经济增长的研究当中,考察了劳资间相对力量变化作用于劳动生产率和利润率的历史经验和理论机制。其中,工人力量对劳动生产率的矛盾关系表现为,抑制工人力量以降低剩余价值生产的不确定性和调动工人主动性推动技术创新之间的矛盾;工人权力对利润率的关系表现为,削弱工人议价力提高利润份额和改善对工人的分配促进剩余价值实现之间的冲突。在中国的改革进程中,剩余劳动力条件、劳动力再生产与就业体制变革共同塑造了工人力量在这一历史时期的变化。参考社会学研究对工人力量类型的划分,本文寻找适当指标构建出工人力量变化的指数。经验分析显示,工人力量的相对下降对中国劳动生产率提升起到了推动作用,也通过工资份额的下降作用于利润率的增长,曾经是中国经济快速增长的重要原因;但是这一作用机制正在受到工人力量上升和全球性生产相对过剩的挑战。当下中国经济的可持续增长不应再复制新自由主义积累体制的"利润修复"路径。

The paper discusses the relation between labor forces and China＇s economy growth from a Marxist economics perspective.We have observed the history and theoretic mechanism on how working-class power change influenced labor productivity and profit rate.In China＇s reform process,working-class power has been shaped by relative surplus population conditions,labor reproduction and employment institutions,using sociological studies on the types of labor forces,we provide the index of workingclass power by selecting appropriate indicators.Empirical analysis shows that the decrease of working-class power had promoted the increase of Chinese productivity growth,and pushed profit rate by the drop of wage share,which used to be a significant cause of China＇s rapid economic growth.However,this mechanism has been challenged by the rising working-class power and global overcapacity.China＇s sustained economy growth should not copy the profit-fix road of Neo-liberalism Accumulation System.