依宪行政:理论、规范与实践

Administration by Constitution:Theory,Norm and Practice

依宪行政是由行政实务部门提出来的一个概念,长期以来被理论界所忽视。通过宪法分权理论的阐发和依法行政原则的重新梳理,可以发现依宪行政在理论上拥有充足的正当性。通过对现行宪法条文及相关立法的分析,依宪行政法律规范上也拥有充分的合法性基础。而在行政机关的具体实践中,依宪行政的范围和方式早已不局限于宪法的明文授权,在权利保障领域和权利限制领域,行政权力已多有涉及。对此,需要通过完善宪法监督和立法监督制度,在行政法内部确立比例原则、正当程序原则、行政效率原则等实质性原则,充分发挥法院对行政行为进行实质合法性审查的职权,来达到对行政权力的合宪性和合法性控制。

Administration by Constitution is a concept proposed by administrative department,but it has been suffered from the neglect of legal scholars.Through the analysis of constitutional theory of separation of powers and the re-combing of principle of administration by law,it can be found that administration by Constitution has sufficient legitimacy in theory.Through the analysis of current constitutional provisions and related legislation,administration by Constitution also has a full legal basis.In the specific practice of administrative organs,the scope and manners of administration by Constitution has long been not limited to the constitution expressly authorized.In the field of human rights protection and restrictions,administrative power has the potential to expand.Herein,we need to improve the constitution supervision and legislative supervision system,establish the proportion,due process,administrative efficiency and other substantive principles in administrative law,and make a full play to authorize the court to examine the substantive legality of administrative acts to achieve the constitutional and legal control of administrative power.