漳州市医院职工职业暴露情况分析及防控对策

Analysis on occupational exposure and its countermeasures among hospital workers in Zhangzhou City

目的了解医院工作者职业暴露现况及危险因素,为职业安全防护提供对策。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对2006—2014年福建医科大学附属漳州市医院的工作者职业暴露个案信息记录进行分析。结果该院共记录职业暴露个案360人,其中护士199人,占55.28%;其次为医生84人,占23.33%;再其次为实习(含进修)生51人,占14.17%;最后为保洁人员16人,占4.44%。职业暴露者中小于30岁的占57.78%。在有传染性暴露源工作的有240人,主要暴露于乙肝病毒、梅毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒,分别占32.78%、22.78%、7.72%。暴露方式以锐器伤为主,共287人,占79.72%;皮肤黏膜接触暴露68人,占18.89%。结论医院工作者为感染传染病的高危人群,应加强职业安全教育,建立职业暴露管理制度,提高主动免疫率。

[Objective]To understand the current situation and risk factors of occupational exposure in hospital workers, provide some suggestions for occupational safety protection. [Methods]The data of occupational exposure cases among workers in Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University during 2006-2014 were analyzed by the retrospective investigation. [Results]Totally 360 cases of occupational exposure were recorded in this hospital, and 55.28%（ 199 cases） were nurse, followed by 84 doctors （23.33%）, 51 trainees/graduate students （14.17%） and 16 cleaning workers （4.44%）. Most of them were people below 30 years old, accounting for 57.78%. There were 240 cases exposed to infectious exposure source, while the HBV, syphilis and HIV accounted for 32.78%, 22.78% and 7.72%, respectively. 287 cases were exposed to sharp injuries, accounting for 79.72%, and there were 68 cases of mucocutaneous exposure, accounting for 18.89%.[Conclusion]The hospital workers are the high risk population of infectious diseases. It is necessary to strengthen occupational safety education, establish the exposure management system, and improve the active immunity.