宝鸡市妊娠期高血压疾病患者膳食的调查

Survey on diet of patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Baoji City

目的调查宝鸡市妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)患者膳食情况,探讨HDP的营养特点,从而制定有效的健康教育措施。方法采用1∶1匹配的病例对照研究方法,选取307例HDP孕妇(病例组)和307例同期同所医院正常妊娠的孕妇(对照组)进行食物摄入种类和频率的问卷调查,比较两组孕妇妊娠期食物摄入的频率,并采用单因素分析和多因素条件logistic回归分析,筛选出与HDP发生相关的膳食因素。结果病例组妊娠期摄入粮谷类和蔬菜水果类与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组妊娠期摄入鱼虾类、蛋类、奶类、豆类和干果类的频率低于对照组,摄入腊肉熏烤肉、咸菜泡菜类的频率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析初步筛选出7项相关因素。多因素条件logistic回归分析显示,妊娠期摄入鱼虾类(OR=0.775)、蛋类(OR=0.375)、奶类(OR=0.482)是HDP的保护因素;摄入腊肉熏烤肉(OR=1.324)、咸菜泡菜类(OR=1.740)是HDP发生的危险因素。结论妊娠期应多摄入鱼虾类、蛋类、奶类,并控制腊肉熏烤肉的摄入,从膳食上有效预防或减少HDP的发生。

[Objective]To investigate diet status of patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy （HDP） in Baoji City, exph）re the nutritional characteristics of HDP, and develop effective health education measures. [Methods]By using the paired casecontrol study, 307 pregnant women with HDP（the case group） and 307 normal pregnant women in same hospital during the same period（the control group） were enrolled in this study. The types and frequency of foods intake during pregnancy were investigated by questionnaires. The single factor analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the dietary factors related to HDP. [Results]There were no significant differences in frequencies of grains and vegetables intake between two groups（P〉0.05）.The frequencies of fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, beans and nuts intake in the case group were lower than those of the control group, while the frequencies of smoked bacon/barbecue and pickles intake in the case group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The single factor logistic regression analysis preliminarily revealed 7 related factors of HDP.The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that intake of fish and shrimp（OR=0.775）, eggs（OR=0.375） and milk（OR=0.482） were the protective factors of HDP, while intake of smoked bacon/ barbecue （OR= 1.324）, pickles （OR= 1.740. ） was the risk factors of HDP.[Conclusion]The pregnant women should increase the intake of fish and shrimp, eggs and milk, and reduce the intake of smoked bacon and barbecue, to effectively prevent HDP and reduce the incidence rate from the diet.