符号学视野观照下的俄国形式主义

Russian Formalism in Light of Semiotics

从符号学角度看,俄国形式主义批评观点可以说是索绪尔开创的能指所指范式的翻版,极为关注作为能指的文学形式手段,同时又不得不涉及作品的思想内容。形式主义归纳法分析所获得的科学研究的抽象性、共时性和确定性体现了符号学科学化精神。陌生化手段求新求异,文学的众多方面,包括内容,被理解为文学性,都可以成为支配手段,形式主义已经把内容转变为形式手段,并实现二者的统一。形式主义并不否认共时历时轴上的文本间性,因此与历史唯物主义并不矛盾。俄国形式主义批评与符号学之间存在本质联系。

Semiotically speaking, Russian Formalism, adopting Saussurean semiotic model, i.e, the signifier-signified paradigm, pays special attention to different literary devices as signifiers and meanwhile has to get involved in the content of literary works. The abstraction, synchrony and definiteness achieved through formalist induction are the reflection of semiotic scientific spirit. By means of defamiliarization aiming at newness, Formalism regards many literary aspects including content as literariness, and therefore transforms content into form, leading to the unity of the two. Formalism does not negate intertextuality on the diachronic as well as synchronic axis, so it is not in contradiction with historical materialism. Hence, there exist some essential connections between Russian Formalism and semiotics.