侵华日军南京暴行与美国抵制日货运动

The Atrocities Committed by Japanese Troops in Nanjing and the Anti-Japanese Boycott in the U.S.

侵华日军在占领南京前后令人发指的暴行传到美国后,美国民间出现了抵制日货的运动,1938年2月一项民意调查显示美国有半数以上的民众支持这一抵制运动。传教士多年在美国培育的亲华意识和美国民众对侵略战争受害者中国的同情是抵制日货运动产生的前提;不惜任何代价避免卷入外国战争的孤立主义思潮与对日军南京暴行的厌恶是美国民间抵制日货运动产生的重要成因。一年(1937年7月至1938年7月)的抵制日货运动造成日本对美国出口的普通民众可以辨别产地的商品损失23.6%,更重要的是抵制日货运动以一种较为温和的方式拉开了美国对日本实行经济制裁的序幕。在很大程度上,抵制日货运动实际上是之后由美国政府实施的经济制裁的预演、准备和实践。

After occupying Nanjing,Japanese troops committed such outrages as mass murders,rapes and robberies. When news spread to America,a movement of boycotting Japanese goods was launched there. A February-1938 poll showed that more than half of Americans were supportive of the boycott. The primary cause underlying the boycott was the pro-China sentiment of the American people,fostered by American missionaries,and their sympathy to Chinese people as victims of an aggressive war. A second but no less important cause was the prevailing isolationism in the U. S.,demanding to avoid any foreign war at any cost,and the disgust to the Japanese atrocities in Nanjing. During one year period( 7,1937- 7,1938),the loss of the export value of the goods from Japan to America was 23. 6%,with Japanese manufacturers clearly identified by ordinary consumers. What's more,the anti-Japanese boycott was a prelude to American economic sanctions,imposed on Japan in a somewhat compromising way. To a larger extent,this boycott movement was a rehearsal,a preparation and an implementation of the economic sanctions by U. S. government afterwards.