透骨消痛颗粒对兔骨关节炎模型作用的超微结构研究

A ultrastructural study of Touguxiaotong Granule on osteoarthritis rabbit model

目的观察透骨消痛颗粒干预兔骨关节炎模型软骨和软骨下骨的超微结构变化情况,探讨药物对关节微观结构的作用机理。方法 18只新西兰大白兔分3组,模型组与药物组按改良Hulth法建立膝骨关节炎模型。建模后1周药物组以1 g·ml^(-1)透骨消痛颗粒溶液20 ml·d^(-1)灌胃,正常组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,持续12周。胫骨标本采用透射电镜观察软骨和软骨下骨超微结构。结果正常组软骨细胞及核椭圆形,常染色质为主,粗面内质网等细胞器发达;骨细胞近梭形,核扁椭圆形,核质比大,异染色质散在;成骨细胞扁长形,见粗面内质网等细胞器,核异染色质散在。模型组软骨细胞及核不规则,固缩变性,异染色质分布不均,细胞器模糊;骨细胞核固缩或不规则,异染色质聚集;成骨细胞呈椭圆形,核不规则,异染色质斑块状多位于核膜下,细胞器较少、模糊。药物组软骨细胞多正常,粗面内质网较发达;骨细胞核近椭圆形,异染色质散在或部分聚集;成骨细胞呈扁长形,核近椭圆形,异染色质散在,粗面内质网可见扩张。结论透骨消痛颗粒能够改善骨关节炎软骨与软骨下骨的超微结构,主要作用表现于细胞核染色质、参与合成细胞外基质成分的粗面内质网等细胞器的变化。

Objective To explore the microcosmic mechanism of Touguxiaotong Granule（ TXG） on ultrastructure in cartilage by observing cartilage and subchondral bone of TXG-treated rabbit osteoarthritis model with transmission electron microscope（ TEM）. Methods Eighteen New Zealand rabbits of 6-month old were randomly divided into 3 groups： the control group, the model group and the drug group. The knee osteoarthritis model was replicated using modified Hulth method. Rabbits in the drug group were applied 1 g · ml^-1 TXG solution by intragastric administration. While rabbits in the control group and model group were given the same amount of 0.9% physiological saline by intragastric administration. All rabbits had been given the dosage of 20 ml · d^-1 for 12 weeks. Obtained samples of tibia were observed by TEM. Results In the control group, the chondrocytes were characterized as subelliptic shape, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and mainly euchromatin in oval nucleus. Osteocytes appeared as fusiform shape and flat oval nucleus, with big karyoplasmicratio and scattered heterochromatin. Osteoblasts displayed prolate shape, rough endoplasmic reticulum and scattered heterochromatin. Compared with the control group, chondrocytes and nucleus in the model groups of osteoarthritis showed irregular shape, pyknosis and degeneration. The cellular organelles were fuzzy or unclear in the chondrocytes while the nucleus was accompanied by unevenly distributed heterochromatin. Irregular karyopyknosis and aggregated heterochromatin appeared in osteocytes. Osteoblasts appeared to be oval. The organelles were reduced and fuzzy and the patchy heterochromatin was under the nuclear membrane in irregular nucleus. Compared with the model group, chondrocytes in drug group were characterized as regular morphology with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. The nucleus of osteocytes showed subelliptic shape, scattered or partial aggregated heterochromatin. Osteoblasts showed elongated shape, expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum, and scattered heterochromatin in oval-like nucleus. Conclusions Touguxiaotong Granule can significantly improve the ultrastructure of the cartilage and subchondral bone in osteoarthritis. It plays an important role in the change of the nuclear chromatin and the rough endoplasmic reticulum which is involved in the synthesis of extracellular matrix components.