软骨下骨在骨关节炎发病机制中的研究进展

Research progress on the role of subchondral bone in the mechanism for the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis

骨关节炎（osteoarthritis,OA）是一种慢性关节疾病,临床研究及流行病学研究表明,骨关节炎的风险因素众多,包括年龄、负重改变及外伤等。然而,其发病机制仍然不明确。目前研究显示,软骨下骨和软骨板存在许多结构改变,如钙化软骨层增厚,双重潮线,软骨下骨硬化,骨囊肿,骨髓病损和骨赘形成等。软骨下骨的重要性得到了公认,软骨下骨的变化与关节疾病发展存在相关性,并且可能在疾病进展机制中起重要作用。

Osteoarthritis（ OA） is a degenerative joint disease characterized by uneven and gradual loss of articular cartilage with unknown initiation and pathogenesis. The role of subchondral bone is currently believed to be of particular importance in the pathogenesis of the disease. Changes in organization and composition of subchondral bone mainly include sclerosis, subchondral cyst, abnormal force for subchondral bone remodeling, changes in the biomechanics of the joint and modulation of gene expressions and so on, helping to understand the pathogenesis of OA degeneration and potential treatment of OA. This article summarizes the research progress on cytology, subchondral bone metabolism, molecular and signaling pathways, biomechanics and genes.