当代中国基督教现状管窥：基于CGSS和CFPS调查数据

Observation in Present Situation of Contemporary Chinese Christian:Based on the Survey Data from CGSS and CFPS

基于"中国综合社会调查"(CGSS)和"中国家庭追踪调查"(CFPS)两个全国性社会调查数据,本文探讨了当代中国基督教的三个面向:基督徒的规模和格局、基督徒的人口及社会分层特征、基督徒的社会心态。分析显示,2010年基督徒占我国成年总人口的比例大致在1.9%至2.2%之间,相对应推算全国基督徒总规模为2568万至2936万人。基督教在我国汉族地区已经成为仅次于佛教的第二大宗教。与佛教徒相比,基督徒的活动更为绵密、组织化程度更高、信众对宗教信仰的重视程度也更高。因此我们认为基督教在我国已经形成"全国存在,局部聚居"的格局。在信徒特征上,基督徒的女性比例很高、年龄结构偏老、居住在农村的信徒相对多。在社会经济地位上,基督徒的个人收入、受教育水平、职业地位不仅低于无信仰群体,也在各宗教中排名最低或几乎最低。尽管如此,基督徒平均的信任度、公平感、幸福感、精神健康程度与无信仰群体没有显著差异,甚至在社会底层,基督徒的社会心态比无信仰群体更积极。

Based on two national social survey data of 'China's General Social Survey(CGSS)'and 'Chinese Family Panel Survey'(CFPS), this paper probes into three aspects of contemporary Chinese Christianity, including the scale and pattern, the population and social stratification characteristics, and the social mentality of Christians. The analysis indicates that the proportion of Christians in the adult population in China is roughly between 1.9% and 2.2% in the year 2010, so the calculated total scale of Christians in China's Mainland is between 25.68 million and 29.36 million. Christianity has become the second largest religion after Buddhism in Han nationality regions in China. Compared to Buddhism, the Christian activities are more smooth, more organized, and believers attach great importance to their religious belief to the higher level. So we think Christianity in our country has already formed the pattern of 'national existence, local concentrated'. On the characteristics of believers, women Christian occupies a high proportion, age structure is older, and rural believers is relatively more. On the social and economic status, the personal income, education level and occupational status of Christians are not only lower than those of no faith groups, but also ranked the lowest or near the lowest among all religions. In spite of this, the average degree of trust, fairness, happiness, mental health of Christians has no significant difference with no faith groups, and the social mentality of Christian is even more positive than no faith groups at the bottom of society.