中世纪英格兰运输效率探微

On the Transport Efficiency of the Medieval England

12世纪中叶以后,英格兰运输效率明显提高,如马替代牛成为主要动力、马车成为陆路主要运输工具、运输费用较为合理、运输服务专业化趋势出现。水陆交通的互补和改进,不仅促进了经济的发展,还成为社会经济变革的前提和基础。尽管中世纪英格兰运输效率与近代早期相比尚有差距,但它是后者变革的基础和起点。

After the mid-twelfth century, the transport condition of medieval England was improved obviously, and the transport efficiency was greatly improved, such as the horse hauling instead of ox, the cart being the main transport tool, the reasonable transport cost, and the specialization of transport service. The land transport efficiency had made a significant progress in the power, tools, costs and services. The complementary and improvement of water and land transport was not only able to meet the needs of social and economic development, but also provided the premise and basis for the social and economic transformation. Although the transport efficiency of medieval England was still far from the early modern England, it was actually the basis and starting point of the latter.