成年人骨密度及相关因素调查分析的研究

Analysis of the bone mineral density and related factors of 8 711 adults in community

目的探讨成人跟骨骨密度（BMD）的变化规律，分析其影响因素，为骨质疏松的预防提供科学依据。方法采用定量超声骨密度仪，对8711名成年人，年龄（57．18±7．65）岁，男性2870人，女性5841人，进行左跟骨骨密度检测，并进行问卷调查、人体学测量及血糖、血脂的检测。采用SPSS16．0统计软件处理数据，计量资料骨密度T值呈非正态分布，因此采用中位数（四分位数间距）表示，检验采用秩和检验。计数资料采用X。检验或Fisher确切概率法，影响因素分析用logistic回归分析。结果随着年龄的增加，骨密度值呈现一个先逐渐增加后逐渐减少的趋势，男性、女性随年龄变化BMD变化规律不同，男性各年龄组之间骨密度T值及骨质疏松发生率无统计学意义（P〉0．05），女性各年龄组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。男性与女性之间骨密度T值[-1．40（-2．0—-0．7）vs-1．3（-2．0--0．5）1差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），男性、女性均有较高的骨量减少的发生率（53．34％vs．47．46％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001），女性骨质疏松发生率随年龄的增加而升高，55岁以上各年龄组f55～59、60～64、65～69、70～74、75—79、／〉801的骨质疏松的发生率女性（13．16％、20．03％、28．32％、34．57％、45．16％、42．16％）高于男性（11．51％、10．16％、11．89％、13．39％、12．99％、6．25％）差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。骨密度影响因素的logistic回归分析显示年龄、体质指数、糖尿病及绝经与骨密度异常密切相关（P〈O．01）。结论BMD与多种因素有关，年龄、BMI和绝经是最重要的因素。低骨量现象应引起高度重视，要及时监测，适时干预，养成健康的T作和生活习惯，有利于预防骨质疏松的发生。

Objective To investigate changes in bone mineral density （BMD） and analyze its related factors in community populations to provide the early diagnosis of osteoporosis （OP） and give right guidance to prevent osteoporosis. Methods The quantitative ultrasound BMD analyzer was used to measure BMD of heel in 8 711 adults in community. At the same time a questionnaire survey was conducted among these subjects. The data were analyzed by Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Results With the age changing, males and females tended to have different BMD variation. Male and female＇s BMD peak values were respectively in 35-age group, 30-age group and decreased as age increased. T value of BMD was different between male and female （-1.40（-2.0- -0.7）vs -1.3（-2.0- -0.5））（P〈0.001）. Both men and women had a higher incidence of low bone mass （53.34% vs 47.46%）, and the difference was significant （P〈0.001）, whereas the incidence of osteoporosis after 55 years of age between men and women was statistically significance （P〈0.05）. BMD was the lowest for female than for male in 50- age group, and the prevalence rate of OP was remarkably increased. Analysis of related factors of BMD showed that body mass index （BMI）, age, diabetes and menopause were risk facts. Conclusion The BMD among adults is related to many factors, in which the age, BMI and menopause are the most important factors. Much attention should be paid to low bone mass phenomenon, timely monitoring, timely intervention, develop healthy working and living habits, is important to the prevention of osteoporosis and its complications.