流动人口食源性疾病相关行为调查

Food-borne disease related behavior analysis of family food providers in the floating population of Hangzhou city

目的了解流动人口食源性疾病相关行为。方法采用德尔菲法制定食源性疾病影响因素调查问卷，选择流动人口聚集地作为调查点、以户为单位，由经统一培训的公共卫生医师采用问卷形式调查每户家庭中负责食物采购及准备餐食者过去1个月内食源性疾病相关行为发生频率，调查为期1年，共调查4次，每个调查点每次调查150人，调查对象年龄在18岁以上，并采用秩和检验分析不同因素对食源性疾病相关行为的影响，以P〈O．05为差异有统计学意义。结果共获得有效问卷1781份。调查对象中家庭年收入低于5万元者占82．42％，初中及以下文化程度者占87．42％。总是“及时清洁厨房工具”“厨房垃圾桶加盖”及“家中无苍蝇、蟑螂、老鼠”者分别占42．50％、55．87％和61．09％，总是“购买包装完好的食物”及“购买保质期内的食物”者分别占39．70％和52．33％，总是“用自来水清洗”“处理食物前清洁双手”“打喷嚏或咳嗽后洗手”“烹调鸡蛋至其完全凝固”及“已烹调完成的食物无血水”者分别占66．03％、51．94％、53．62％、35．99％和32．62％，总是“进食前洗手”者占31．16％，“剩余食物在冰箱冷藏总是不超过3d”和总是“以有盖的容器贮存食物”者占20．89％和30．88％，且原籍城市、初中以上文化程度及家庭年收入不少于5万元者上述行为频率相对较高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论流动人口家庭中负责食物采购及准备餐食者在食品采购、加工和储存环节中存在较多不安全行为，应开展有针对性的干预工作。

Objective To study food-borne disease related behavior of the floating population in Hangzhou city. Methods A questionnaire on food-borne disease related behaviors was formulated based on Delphi method. A family-based retrospective investigation was conducted by unified trained investigators to analyze the frequency of food-borne disease related behaviors of family food providers during the past month in several floating-population centers of Hangzhou city. The investigation was conducted among 150 adults of every survey spot quarterly during a one-year period. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Results According to all 1 781 valid recovery questionnaires, 82.42% subjects bad a family income less than 50 000 yuan per year and 87.42% of them had junior-middle-school or lower levels of education. The proportions of subjects who always cleaned kitchen tools, covered the garbage can and kept house out of flies, roaches and mice were 42.50%, 55.87% and 61.09%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always purchased intact packaged food and food under warranty were 39.70% and 52.33%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always used tapped water, cleaned hands before food processing, cooked eggs and other foods till well-done were 66.03%, 51.94%, 53.62%, 35.99% and 32.62%, respectively. The proportions of subjects who always stored food in containers with cover and for no more than 3 days in freezer were 20.89% and 30.88%, respectively. The frequencies of food-borne disease related behaviors mentioned above were significantly higher among migrants who originated from urban areas, received education above junior-middle-school and had a family income no less than 50 000 yuan/y than the others （P〈0.05）. Conclusion In order to correct the risky behaviors during food consuming, processing and storage, targeted intervention is necessary among family food providers of floating population families.