短程团体心理咨询在小学高年级学生心理健康促进中运用的效果评价

Evaluation on the effect of brief group psychological counseling application in mental health program for students of high grade primary school

目的探讨短程团体心理咨询促进小学高年级学生群体心理健康的效果。方法于2014年10月至11月，在上海浦东新区某社区所辖范围内随机抽取一所小学，以分层整群抽样方法在4、5年级中各随机抽取2个班级作为研究对象，随机将4、5年级各1个班级的所有学生（男生30人，女生24人）作为干预组，另外2个班级（4、5年级各1个班级，男生25人，女生31人）的学生即作为对照组，对干预组学生开展短程团体心理咨询，而对照组则接受学校常规心理保健课程。采用心理健康诊断测验（MHT）作为心理测评T具，对两组学生的MHT总分及因子分进行t检验分析。结果短程团体心理咨询开展前，干预组与对照组在MHT中各因子问差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），在干预结束时，干预组MHT的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、白责倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向因子分以及总分均低于对照组（6．46±3．01，8．59±3．40；3．04±1．91，4．45±2．43；3．56±2．13，5．30±2．10；4．37±1．93，5．84±2．63；3．76±2．82．5．46±3．38；2．15±2．34，3．91±3．00；32．44±13．07，44．52±17．59），差异具有统计学意义（t=-3．47、-3．38、-4．30、-3．35、-2．87、-3．40、-4．10，P均〈0．05）。结论短程团体心理咨询对于小学高年级群体的学习焦虑、对人焦虑、白责倾向、总体焦虑倾向等领域具有较好的干预效果，对于过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向等领域具有一定的积极影响，其具有进一步大样本及远期效果评价价值。

Objective To explore the effect of brief group psychological counseling in promoting students psychological health of high grade in primary school. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from a primary school in a community of Pudong New Area in Shanghai from October 2014 to November 2014, with stratified cluster sampling method in 4,5 grade （ the boy 30, the girl 24） as the research object, the other 2 classes （4,5 grade 1 classes;the boy 25,the girl 31） of students as control group, in the intervention group students brief group counseling was carried out, while the control group received the routine psychological health education course. Using the mental health diagnosis test （MHT） as a psychological assessment tool, MHT scores of two groups of students and factors were analyszed by the test analysis. Results Before intervention, the intervention group and the control group in the mental health diagnosis test （MHT） had no significant difference in each factor （P〉 0.05）. After the intervention, significant were found differences between the intervention group and the control group in MHT learning anxiety, anxiety to people, self accusation tendency, allergic tendency, body symptom, terror tendency and the total score （6.46±3.01, 8.59±3.40; 3.04±1.91, 4.45±2.43; 3.56± 2.13, 5.30±2.10; 4.37±1.93, 5.84±2.63; 3.76±2.82, 5.46±3.38; 2.15±2.34, 3.91±3.00; 32.44±13.07, 44.52±17.59 ）（ t=-3.47,-3.38,-4.30,-3.35,-2.87,-3.40,-4.10, P〈0.05 ）, and the average scores in the intervention group of each factor were lower than those of control group. Conclusion Brief group psychological counseling for higher-grade students of elementary school learning anxiety group, had better interventional effect on anxiety, self-blame tendency, the overall tendency of anxiety and other fields. It will have a positive impact on the allergic tendency, body symptom, terror tendency and other fields; it needs further evaluation in large sample for long-term effect.