鲁迅“国民性弱点”再议--对《呐喊》和《彷徨》的一种解读

A Tentative Study on Lu Xun5 s National Weakness-Take The Scream and The Hesitation as Examples

鲁迅笔下的“国民性弱点”,历来是文学史界和评论界关注的焦点,但是对于其复杂丰富的内涵,尚需进一步进行深入的剖析.实际上,《呐喊》、《彷徨》中所写的“国民性弱点”,同时具有社会性和阶级性,时代性和历史性,文化性和政治性.而且,鲁迅的情感也不是一律的“恨铁不成钢”,而是对不同的人有痛心、慨叹与憎恨之别.所以,这“国民性弱点”不是简单的国民的意识和心理,而是具有复杂丰富意蕴和情感的19世纪末2 0 世纪初我国社会普遍的思想文化的集中体现.它既不同于陈独秀认识的国民性,也和别的作家所写的国民性弱点有异,更不同于外国文学中的国民性,其独特性极为明显.鲁迅揭示这种“国民性弱点”,虽然受了“日本明治文化”的思想影响,但更重要的是中国传统文化忧国忧民思想的影响所致.

The unational weakness” in Lu XunJ s novels has always been the focus of the literatus and thecritics. As for its complicated connotation, the in-depth analysis is still needed. The “ weakness” in the novelsThe Screarm and The Hesitation reflects the features of society, the class, the era and the history , as well as theculture and the politics. Moreover , Lu X un’ s disappointment to that era, the sadness for people, the sigh andthe hatred are all revealed in these two novels. So this “ national weakness” is not a simple national cognitionand psychology of people in that age , but a popular social ideology with complex and rich meanings at the end ofnineteenth century and early twentieth century. It is different from uthe weakness” defined by Chen Duxiu andother writers , far more different from uthe weakness” in foreign literature. This unique “weakness”,althoughinfluenced by the＂ Japanese Meiji culture , originated from Chinese traditional culture and Lu X un, s care for hisnation and people.