学龄前儿童屈光不正现况调查及其危险因素研究

Study on the status of ametropia of preschooler and the risk factors

目的探讨学龄前儿童屈光不正状况及其危险因素。方法采用Suresight手持式自动验光仪对在我院儿童保健门诊进行体检的1468例学龄前儿童进行检查,根据检查结果把儿童分为屈光不正组和正常组,统计屈光不正的种类及患病率,记录屈光不正危险因素在两组中的构成比,采用卡方检验和多因素logistic回归分析相关数据。结果屈光不正的现患率为31.54%（463例）,一共872只眼屈光不正,其中单纯散光为526只眼。＂每天户外活动时间〈2小时＂、＂女性＂、＂母亲有烟酒史＂、＂低出生体重儿＂和＂出生时吸氧＂的Wald值分别为39.897、61.712、4.598、13.961和212.421,OR值分别为0.246（95%CI：0.160~0.381）、3.144（95%CI：2.363~4.184）、1.811（95%CI：1.052~3.116）、2.651（95%CI：1.590~4.422）和9.378（95%CI：6.940~12.671）,P值均〈0.05。结论学龄前儿童屈光不正的形势严峻。＂每天户外活动时间〈2小时＂、＂女性＂、＂母亲有烟酒史＂、＂低出生体重儿＂和＂出生时吸氧＂与学龄前儿童屈光不正关系密切。

Objective Investigate status of ametropia of preschoolers and the risk factors.Methods Suresight hand- held automatic refractometer was used to sight tested for 1468 preschoolers,who were undergoing health check in child health care.According to the test result,preschoolers were divided into ametropia group and normal group.The incidence rate and type,and constituent ratio of ametropia risk factors of the two groups were records.Chi- square test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the data.Results Prevalence rate of ametropia was 31.54%（ 463 cases）.A total of 872 eyes were ametropia,in which 526 eyes were simple astigmatism.The Wald- value of ＂ daily outdoor activities time 2 hours＂,＂ female＂,＂ mothers had a history of alcohol and tobacco＂,＂ low birth weight infants＂ and ＂ oxygen therapy when birth ＂ were 39.897,61.712,4.598,13.961 and 212.421,and OR- value were 0.246（ 95% CI： 0.160 ~ 0.381）,3.144（ 95% CI： 2.363 ~4.184）,1.811（ 95% CI： 1.052 ~ 3.116）,2.651（ 95% CI： 1.590 ~ 4.422）,9.378（ 95% CI： 6.940 ~ 12.671）,respectively.The P- value of them were all less than 0.05.Conclusions The situation of ametropia of preschooler is serious.＂ daily outdoor activities time 2 hours＂,＂ female＂,＂ mothers had a history of alcohol and tobacco＂,＂ low birth weight infants＂ and ＂ oxygen therapy when birth ＂ have close relationship with the ametropia of preschoolers.