农民工与私营企业的劳动交易关系研究

Study on Labor Transaction Relation between Peasant-workers and Private Enterprises

从交易成本经济学角度分析,农民工在私营企业就业过程中的效率与公平关系是市场化劳动交易关系,劳动交易效率与公平关系的均衡是劳动交易的核心问题。当前农民工与私营企业劳动交易总体高效,交易频率低、劳动力资产专用性低、交易不确定性低、交易契约治理结构简单,交易成本低。劳动交易显失公平,最低劳动标准执行不理想、机会均等实现较好、所得分配相对均衡。劳动交易效率与交易公平相互促进,相互制约。构建劳动交易效率与公平均衡的劳动交易关系,应着力促进劳动交易公平性。提高农民工人力资本水平、加强企业劳动绩效考核规制、完善劳动就业市场体系建设、优化劳动交易契约治理结构、严格实施最低劳动标准制度等是可行的制度保障选择。

Analyzing from the angle of Transaction Cost Economics,the relation between efficiency and fairness during the employment of peasant-workers in private enterprises is the relation of market-oriented labor transaction,while the balance of labor transaction efficiency and fairness is the core issue of labor transaction.At present,the labor transaction between peasant-workers and private enterprises is efficient on the whole,with the characteristics of low labor transaction frequency,low labor asset specificity,low uncertainty in labor transaction,simple labor transaction contract governing structure and low labor transaction cost. However,the labor transaction lacks of fairness：The minimum labor standard is not operated ideally,with relatively equal employment opportunity and relatively fair income distribution.To construct balanced labor transaction relation between labor transaction efficiency and labor transaction fairness,the emphasis should be paid on labor transaction fairness.