宿命的悲剧——作为哲学范畴的宿命观念在中国现代文学中的投射

The Tragedy of Fate——The Reflection of Fatalism as Category of Philosophy in Contemporary Literature of China

宿命观念在哲学和文学中源远流长,不能简单地判定它是对是错,尤其在文学中,"宿命论"无疑是一个巨大的生发点。它赋予了文学以哲学的高度,而哲学高度也正是拥有终极关怀的人文学者、作家、诗人们的一种最高追求。宿命观念在中国现代文学中表现为神秘感、对自然的崇拜以及或强或弱的偶然性。这些现代作家在处理宿命题材时大都保持从容淡泊的心态,同时造就一种"平淡自然"的风格,这显然与西方不同。中国现代文坛上具有宿命观念的作家大多数都是独立于他们所处时代的主流话语之外的,且多具有哲学背景,但作家个体在宿命观念的理解和表达方面有很大差异。哲学范畴的宿命观念在一定程度上提升了现代文学作品的精神品格,值得当代文坛借鉴。

Fatalism concept is of long standing in philosophy and literature.We should not say that it is right or wrong simply.Especially in literature,fatalism is a starting point undoubtedly.Fatalism gives literature a high philosophical level which is the highest pursuit of the humanists,writers,and poets with ultimate care.This article discusses the deep thinking of Chinese writers which is resulted from this concept through the reflection in the literature works of fatalism.This discussion is composed of three parts：In the literature works,the performance and features of fatalism,writers＇attitude and the writing style when the writers express fatalism in their works,how this kind of creation makes sense in contemporary literature of China.