环渤海地区城市居住环境满意度评价及影响因素分析

Satisfaction evaluation of living environment and influencing factors in the Bohai Rim area

以环渤海地区为案例区,综合运用多层线性模型、GIS空间分析和多元线性回归分析模型,基于居民主观感受数据,对研究区域内43个城市的居住环境进行评价,并探讨城市客观特征对主观评价结果的影响。研究表明:1环渤海地区城市之间的居住环境评价差别明显,辽宁省城市的评价结果整体较优,河北省城市的评价结果整体较差;2环境健康性是居住环境评价得分较低城市的共同短板;3城市规模、人口密度、经济发展水平与居住环境的满意度均呈负相关,中小城市的居住环境满意度普遍高于大城市,临海城市的居民对所在城市的满意度评价更高;4在城市居住环境的可提升要素中,治理雾霾是当前最迫切的任务。

In recent years, living environment of urban areas in China is attracting increasingly more attention of researchers and urban residents particularly due to the problems caused by rapid economic development.Meanwhile, improving living environment quality is becoming an important target of urban development for the Chinese government. In spite of the increasing number of studies on living environment at smaller scales, few studies have focused on the city scale. Based on a large survey conducted in 2014 in 43 cities of the Bohai Rim area, this study used multilevel modeling, GIS spatial analysis, and multiple linear regression to evaluate the living environment using residents＇ subjective perception as indicators, then analyzed the impact of city characteristics on the heterogeneity of the evaluation results. Several conclusions are drawn as follows：（1） There is a significant disparity of evaluation results between the 43 cities. The differences of influencing factors at the city level can explain 20% of the total satisfaction variance. The disparity of living environment quality of cities cannot be neglected in related research on the social, economic, and development issues of cities. Cities in Liaoning Province ranked the highest in the evaluation result while cities in Hebei Province were the worst due to the concentration of massive heavy industries, especially the steel industry.（2） Environment health is the main problem for all the cities that ranked low in the evaluation, which reaffirms that the key point to improve living environment quality is to control environment pollution.（3） Cities with larger land area and population and higher economic development levels normally ranked the lowest with regard to residents＇ satisfaction.Satisfaction on living environment is higher in small and medium- sized cities as compared to large cities.Residents living in coastal cities are more satisfied than inland cities.（4） At present, smog control and reduction is key to improving the quality of living environment in the Bohai Rim area.