西安地区2009-2014年呼吸道合胞病毒流行病学特征研究

Epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus in Xi′an in 2009-2014

目的分析陕西省西安地区呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus,RSV）流行特征。方法收集西安市3家医院的呼吸道感染患者1 030例,采集咽拭子样本进行RSV核酸检测。结果 1 030份样本的RSV检出率为10.78%（111/1 030）。住院患者检出率（14.95%）与门诊患者（5.89%）差异有统计学意义（χ~2=21.851,P〈0.05）。RSV在10月至次年1月高发,〈1岁年龄组与其他年龄组检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,主要集中在6个月以下婴幼儿。13.51%的阳性患者有混合感染,男性和住院患者居多。感染RSV的患者以支气管炎和肺炎患者居多。结论西安地区的RSV在秋冬季高发,1岁以下儿童尤其是6个月以内婴幼儿是RSV感染的高发人群,混合感染多为低年龄段的男性住院患者。

Objective To discuss the epidemiological features of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） in Xi＇an, Shaanxi Province. Methods Oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 1 030 cases with respiratory diseases in three hospitals in Xi＇an from 2009 to 2014, and RSV nucleic acid was detected by PCR. Results The overall positive rate of RSV was 10.78% （111/1 030）, which was higher among inpatients than outpa- tients （14.95% vs 5.89% X2=21. 851, P〈0.05）. The peak season of RSV was from October to January, and majority of patients were less than one year old, especially those under 6 months old. 13.51% of cases were found to be co-infected and many were male patients and inpatients. Majority were patients with bronchitis or pneumonia. Conclusions RSV infection is more common in autumn and winter in Xi＇an. Kids younger than one year old, especially under 6 months babies are more susceptible to RSV infection, and young male in- patients were more likely to get co-infection.