儿童入托入学预防接种证查验工具的开发和应用

Evaluation of a tool developed for inspection of vaccination cards of children for school admission

目的探讨简便、快捷、准确的预防接种证查验和补种完成情况跟踪的方法,评估查验工具的工作效率和优缺点。方法在Excel 2003环境下利用公式开发预防接种查验工具,使用从《江苏省预防接种个案信息系统》下载的本地区接种数据,开展接种证查验,自动生成最新的学生免疫史档案。使用调查问卷收集完成接种证查验工作耗时,并对工具进行评价。采用t检验比较两组均值,配对t检验比较使用工具前后耗时均值。结果两组在均不使用工具时,完成50名学生查验耗时(t=1.13,P=0.271)和跟踪分析50名需补种学生补种情况耗时(t=0.48,P=0.633)差异均无统计学意义,合计平均耗时分别1.64h和1.58h。使用工具组在使用工具后,完成50名学生查验耗时为(0.95±0.77)h,跟踪分析50名需补种学生补种情况耗时为(0.49±0.47)h,与自身未使用工具前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=6.06、4.32,均P=0.000)。工具易学易用性评分(8.67±1.81)分,提高接种率作用评分(8.78±1.77)分,使用工具意愿评分(8.67±2.00)分。结论查验工具操作简便、快捷,查验结果准确,可以减少查验工作的工作量,提高查验工作的质量,明显优于手工查验,对维持和提高学龄阶段儿童疫苗接种率有积极作用。

Objective To explore a simple, fast and accurate tool for the inspection of children＇s vaccination cards, and to evaluate the working efficiency, advantages and disadvantages of this inspection tool. Methods An inspection tool was developed under Microsoft Excel 2003 using the equation and vaccination data of chil- dren were obtained from vaccination information system of Jiangsu province. The newest student immunization profile could be automatically generated by the tool. The efficiency of the tool was evaluated and the student t test was used for data statistical analysis. Results Without the inspection tool, the average time used to in- spect vaccination cards of 50 students （t=1.13, P= 0. 271） and to follow up the vaccination of 50 students who missed the vaccines （t=0.48, P=0. 633） were 1.64 hours and 1.58 hours, no statistical significance were found. While, by using the tool, the average time consumed were significantly shortened to （0.95 ±0.77） hours and （0.49±0.47） hours （t=6.06, 4.32, both P= 0. 001） . The mean scores of feasibility, ef- ficiency and promotion of the tool were （8.67±1.81）, （8.78±1.77）, （8.67±2.00） , respectively. Conclu- sions The tool can reduce the workload of vaccination inspection, improve the quality of the vaccination work, with its high simplicity, fastness and accuracy.