丽江鼠疫自然疫源地鼠巢蚤种类及带菌情况

The species composition and pathogen survey of the rodent nest fleas in Lijiang plague focus

目的调查丽江市鼠疫自然疫源地鼠巢蚤的种类及感染鼠疫菌的情况,为制定鼠疫防控措施提供科学依据。方法在丽江玉龙县7个自然村,古城区1个自然村范围内,以挖鼠巢的方法采集鼠巢蚤,按形态学方法鉴定鼠巢蚤种类,实验室用细菌培养方法检验鼠巢蚤是否感染鼠疫菌。结果此次共挖鼠巢133个,有蚤鼠巢37个,鼠巢平均染蚤率为27.82%,平均蚤指数1.77。共获得鼠巢蚤2科5属6种235只,其中高山狭臀蚤、方叶栉眼蚤、棕形额蚤、特新蚤指明亚种、锐额狭臀蚤和缓慢细蚤的构成比分别为33.62%、25.53%、25.11%、14.47%、0.85%、和0.42%。鼠巢蚤鼠疫菌培养结果全部为阴性。结论丽江鼠疫疫源地共有6种鼠巢蚤,以高山狭臀蚤、方叶栉眼蚤、棕形额蚤、特新蚤指明亚种为优势蚤种,鼠巢蚤未捡出鼠疫菌。

Objective To investigate the species composition and infection rate of fleas collected from rodent nests in theplague natural foci of Lijiang in Yunnan province,and to provide the basis for plague prevention and control. Methods Investigation was carried out at 7 villages of Yulong county and 1 village of Gucheng district in Lijiang. Rodent nests were dugout and fleas were collected. Species were identified based on morphological characteristics. Y. pestis was cultured from fleasin laboratory. Results A total of 133 rodent nests were investigated and 37 of them were fleas positive（27.82%）with theaverage flea index of 1.77. And 235 fleas were collected totally,which belonged to 2 families,5 genera and 6 species,includingStenischia montanis（33.62%）,Ctenophthalmus quadrarus（25.53%）,Frontopsylla spadix（25.11%）,Neopsylla specialisspecialis（14.47%）,Stenischia angustifrontis（0.85%）,Leptopsylla segnis（0.43%）. Infection of Y. pestis were negative for allfleas. Conclusion There are 6 flea species from rodent nests in the plague focus,Stenischia montanis,Ctenophthalmusquadrarus,Frontopsylla spadix,Neopsylla specialis specialis were predominating species. Infection of Y. pestis was not found.