129例麻疹住院婴儿临床流行病学特征

Clinical epidemiology of 129 hospitalized measles cases of infants

目的了解住院麻疹婴儿的临床流行病学特征,提高对麻疹的认识,为制定麻疹的防治策略提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学的方法对2014年在南宁市第四人民医院某病区住院的小于12月龄的麻疹患儿病历档案进行回顾性分析,总结其临床特点。结果在129例调查病例中,发病时间主要集中在5月和6月,占56.59%（73/129）,发病月龄多见于6~9月,占62.02%（80/129）,89.15%（115/129）的婴儿在确诊前都有在非传染病医院的就诊史,临床表现以发热、出疹、结膜充血、眼睛分泌物为主,伴有流涕、咳嗽、鼻塞等症状。结论对麻疹婴儿早诊断、早隔离、早治疗,以及加强儿科医师对麻疹的甄别能力,采取有效的防控措施以避免院内感染,是预防麻疹流行的关键。

Objective To understand the clinical epidemiological characteristics of measles in infants and raiseawareness of measles, and to provide effective prevention and control strategies for measles. Methods Using the method ofdescriptive epidemiology, retrospective analyzed the medical records of infants less than 12 months with measles who were inthe Fourth People＇s Hospital of Nanning in 2014, and to summarize its clinical characteristics. Results In 129 cases,theonset time were mainly concentrated in May and June（56.59%, 73/129）, onset age were mainly concentrated in the range of 6months to 9 months（ 62.02%, 80/129）.And 89.15% of infants who were suffering from measles had been to a non-infectiousdisease hospital before diagnosis. The clinical manifestations were fever, rash, conjunctival congestion, eye secretions,accompanied by runny nose, cough, stuffy nose and other symptoms. Conclusion Early diagnosis, early isolation andtreatment of measles infants and strengthening the identification capacity of pediatrician, and taking effective prevention andcontrol measures to prevent nosocomial infection are the keys to prevent measles from epidemic.