增加钙摄入降低血胆固醇水平的作用机制

Mechanisms of calcium intake in lowering serum cholesterol levels

心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVDs)已经成为全球危害人类健康生命的头号死因.平均每年有1710万人因CVDs丧命,其中,超过40%的人死于冠心病,而高胆固醇血症是引起冠心病发病率和死亡率上升的主要危险因素,并且血清胆固醇水平是冠心病发病的主要预测因素.大量研究证实,增加钙摄入可以降低或改善血浆胆固醇浓度,这对预防CVDs,特别是冠心病的发生和发展具有重大意义.本文就钙摄入降低血胆固醇水平的作用机制进行综述,涉及的内容主要包括:增加胆汁酸的排泄、干扰胆固醇吸收、抑制饱和脂肪酸的吸收、促进能量代谢、调节血1,25(OH)_2D水平、影响胰岛素敏感性和控制食欲等.

Cardiovascular diseases （CVDs）, a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, are the leading cause of death globally. An estimated 17.1 million people die of CVDs each year, more than 40% of whom die from coronary heart disease （CHD）. Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for increasing CHD morbidity and mortality, and serum cholesterol level is a key predictor of CHD development. A number of studies have demonstrated that calcium supplement can lower serum cholesterol levels, which means that calcium might play an important role in preventing the development of CVDs, especially CHD. In this paper, the mechanisms of calcium intake in lowering serum cholesterol levels are summarized, including increasing the excretion of bile acids, interfering with cholesterol absorption, inhibiting the absorption of saturated fatty acids, promoting energy metabolism, regulating plasma 1,25（OH）2D levels, affecting blood insulin sensibility and controlling appetite.