可操作的城市历史--阅读意大利建筑师萨维利奥·穆拉托里的类型形态学思想及其设计实践

Operative Urban History:Reading Saverio Muratori's Typomorphology Tbeory and Design Practices

"在城市的尺度上思考建筑学"是20世纪50年代和60年代意大利建筑界重要的思想导向,在这股始于意大利而后波及欧洲乃至世界范围的"城市建筑学"思潮中,意大利建筑师萨维利奥·穆拉托里是一个不容遗忘的标志性人物。本文梳理了穆拉托里在其学术生涯的各个关键阶段的理论探索与设计实践,描述了他从对现代主义理想的憧憬到质疑,到最终凭藉房屋类型学思想和"可操作的历史"理论而成为意大利城市形态学研究的先驱者这一学术历程,同时回顾了50年前在面临类型学危机和语言学危机时,意大利城市建筑学围绕穆拉托里鲜明的立场和理论观点所呈现出来的共识性、复杂性与矛盾性,文章最后阐释了穆拉托里学派的连续性与可操作性。

Thinking about architecture on the scale of the city was a guiding ideological principle in Italian architectural academia during the 1960s and 1970s, and in the trend of ＂the architecture of the city＂ that started in Italy and spread to Europe and even around the world, Saverio Muratori is an unforgettable figure. This article discusses chronologically the theoretical explorations and design practices at every key stage of Muratori＇s academic career, and outlines his research trajectory, in which he began as a modernist, before becoming an interrogator through the research on the concept of building typology and ＇operative history＇, and finally a pioneer of Italian urban morphology and typomorphology. Meanwhile, this article reviews the common understanding, complexities and contradictions - on the basis of Muratori＇s firm stand and theoretical views - of Italian architects as they faced typological and linguistic crises 50 years ago. Finally, this article discusses the continuity and operability of the Muratorian School.