三维、动态、实时数字化锅炉技术发展探讨

Discussion on the development of a 3D, dynamic and real-time digital boiler

锅炉作为发电厂的一个庞然大物,是一个典型的三维空间分布系统;而燃烧和热力过程又是一个处于外界需求不断变化、各种扰动持续影响的动态系统,对其信息化、智能化技术的研发应建立三维、动态、实时数字化的框架思路.三维设计技术目前仅仅用于实现火电厂高效的设计和技术移交,其建立的电站设备和系统的三维数据库可作为三维、动态、实时火电机组技术研发平台.炉内燃烧过程三维数值模拟研究已经发展到相当的程度,一方面数值模拟需要研发更加精细的模型以更加准确地反映炉内实际燃烧工况,另一方面数值模拟分析技术有待嵌入到发电机组实际运行分析和优化中.基于辐射图像处理的炉内三维燃烧过程可视化检测技术正在从炉内三维温度场在线检测向炉内煤粉燃烧过程(煤粉浓度、燃尽度和燃烧放热量空间分布)三维全面可视化检测的阶段过渡,为三维、动态、实时数字化锅炉技术发展奠定了良好的基础.炉内三维燃烧过程可视化检测技术将为分析、诊断炉内燃烧过程故障和燃烧经济性,以及锅炉受热面安全运行状况提供具有空间分辨能力的精细三维信息,是锅炉信息化、智能化发展的一个重要方向.

Boiler is a typical 3D distrubution system in the power plant. The combustion and thermal process is a dynamic changing process with the change of load in the furnace, and the development of information and intelligent should be focus on the 3D, dynamic and real-time digital research for boiler. The 3D technology has been used for design drawing, and the 3D, dynamic and real-time technology can be developed based on detailed database in the power plant. In recent years, many researchers have used a CFD method to simulate the 3D combustion and heat transfer of the furnace. However, the refined model is needed for reflect accurately the state of combustion in the furnace, and the CFD method is difficult to be applied in the unit operation. Flame image processing techniques have been successfully applied to temperature reconstruction in pc-fired boilers, and the soot volume fraction reconstruction is the next research direction of the flame image processing techniques. The digital boiler can be realized based on the 3D temperature and soot volume fraction distribution. The 3D visualization of the fault diagnosis, combustion economization and safe operation in the boiler can be obtained by 3D combustion monitoring systems. This 3D, dynamic and real-time technology is helpful for the development of information and intelligent of the power plant.