MicroRNA在肿瘤发生发展和诊断中作用的研究进展

Research Advances of the Role of microRNA in Tumorigenesis,Development and Diagnosis

microRNA是一类由内源基因编码的长度约为18-25个核苷酸的非编码单链RNA分子,可以与靶基因mRNA的3'非编码区结合,通过降解靶m RNA或(和)抑制靶m RNA转录后翻译调节靶蛋白的生成,从而发挥其生物学作用。目前,在人体基因组内发现的microRNA已经超过2500多个,可能调节着人类1/3的基因,在维持正常干细胞功能、调控细胞增殖分化及恶性肿瘤发生过程中均起重要作用。既往的研究表明microRNA与基因之间相互调控的失衡导致肿瘤的发生。从分子水平上研究microRNA与肿瘤发生的关系,检测microRNA与肿瘤相关基因表达情况的改变,分析肿瘤组织和血清中microRNA表达量与肿瘤分型的关系,将有利于肿瘤的病因学研究,早期发现和肿瘤治疗及预后判断。本文主要就microRNA在肿瘤发生发展和诊断中作用的研究进展进行了综述。

MicroRNA is a class of endogenous gene encoding a length of about 18-25 nucleotides in single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules, they can be combined with the 3’ non-coding region of the target gene m RNA, degrade the target m RNA or（and） inhibit the post-translation of target m RNA, thus play a role in the regulation of protein transcription. At present, more than 2500 microRNAs have been discovered in the human genome, which may regulate 1/3 of human genome. Micro RNAs play an important role in the maintenance of normal function of stem cells, regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and occurrence of malignant tumors. Studies have shown that microRNAs play an important role in the tumorigenesis and development. The breaking balance between the microRNAs and target genes lead to tumorigenesis. Studies on the relationship between microRNA and cancer at molecular level, detection the changes of cancer-related microRNA sequences or genes circumstances, analysis of expression levels of microRNA in serum and tumor tissue will be beneficial to research the cause of tumor, early detection and treatment, and prediction of the prognosis. This article mainly reviews the role of microRNA in tumorigenesis, development and diagnosis.