中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网和血栓形成的研究进展

Development of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Thrombus Formation

中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网是由DNA骨架、组蛋白、颗粒成分以及胞浆蛋白组成的网状物,它通过捕获致病微生物,抑制其扩散、灭活毒力因子以及清除病原体来发挥抗菌活性,中性粒细胞这种与其经典的趋化、吞噬作用不同的胞外杀菌方式发挥着重要的固有免疫应答作用。然而,中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的产生是一把双刃剑。近年来有研究表明它可以导致凝血异常、刺激血栓形成并为其提供支架,但这一过程的机制并不十分清楚,可能与中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网的促凝活性以及凝血级联反应的激活有关。本文将就中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网及其与血栓形成之间关系的研究进展做一综述。

Neutrophil extracellular traps（NETs） are a meshwork of DNA backbone studded with histones, granular components and some cytoplasmic proteins, exerting antimicrobial activity through preventing dissemination, inactivating virulence factors and exterminating microbes. Through this extracellular microbes killing, which is different from neutrophils＇ classical functions known as chemotaxis and phagocytosis, neutrophils play a critical role in innate immunity response. However, induction of NETs can be a double-edged sword. Recent studies demonstrated that NETs could result in dysfunction of coagulation, provide a stimulus and serve as a scaffold for thrombus formation, yet the mechanisms involved are not clear, it＇s likely that NETs＇ procoagulant activity and activation of clotting cascade contribute to this process. This article is aimed to review the current development of NETs as well as the relationship between NETs and thrombus formation.