泌尿系结石的流行病学研究进展

Urolithiasis and Epidemiology: An Update

尿路结石的发病率是由地理区域、种族分布、社会经济地位以及饮食习惯所决定的。在过去几十年间结石形成危险因素中的饮食习惯改变,不仅影响了结石的发病率,而且对结石的部位和化学成份的改变也产生了很大影响,但草酸钙结石的发病仍最为普遍。大量流行病学调查,阐明了结石发病机制中营养因素的重要性,并建议特定的饮食可作为结石预防和治疗最为适用的方法之一。

The incidence of urolithiasis in a given population was dependent on the geographic area, racial distribution, socio-economic status and dietary habits. Changes in the latter factors during the past decades have affected the incidence and also the site and chemical composition of calculi, with calcium oxalate stones being now the most prevalent. Extensive epidemiological observations have emphasized the importance of nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis, and specific dietary advice is, nowadays, often the most appropriate for prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.