高负荷滚珠丝杠副弹塑性变形与失效的理论与试验研究

Theoretical and experimental research of plastoelastic deformation and failure of ball screw under high load condition

为探索高负荷下滚珠丝杠副的失效机理,根据精密滚珠丝杠副在高负载工作条件下滚珠与滚道面接触变形的特点,建立了精密滚珠丝杠副的接触变形弹塑性线性强化分析模型。依据Hertz接触理论,提出了高负载情况下滚珠与滚道面接触弹塑性变形的计算方法,并据此分析了丝杠副滚道面接触处的弹塑性变形。通过对高负载条件下滚道面摩擦和金属材料塑性流动特点的分析,得出了高负载情况下滚珠丝杠副可能的失效形式和失效破坏机理。最后通过试验验证了理论计算和分析的合理性。为深入开展高承载条件下滚珠丝杠副的失效机理及设计理论研究提供了理论和试验基础。

In order to explore the failure the characteristics of contact deformation working condition, a linear hardening mechanism of ball screws between the ball and the elastic-plastic deformation under the high load, according to raceway surface in the high load analysis model is established.Application of Hertz contact theory derives elastic-plastic deformation of a contact place between the ball and the raceway. A linear strengthening elastic-plastic model is established. The calculation method of the elastic-plastic deformation on contact points of the ball and the raceway is proposed. Through the analyses of the plastic flow of raceway surface and friction characteristics, the failure mode and the failure mechanism of ball screws under the high load condition is obtained. The rationality of theoretical analysis is verified by the experiments. The research results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the failure mechanisms and designing theory of ball screws under the high load conditions.