食物主要成分与动物肠道微生物组成及其代谢的关系

Impact of macronutrients on gut microbiota

动物胃肠道中寄居有大量微生物,这些微生物的存在与宿主免疫、营养以及其他生命活动紧密相关.经过长期进化,肠道菌群与宿主形成了相对稳定的共生体系,但饮食等环境因素能够改变肠道菌群组成及其代谢活性,进而影响机体健康.另一方面,肠道菌群携带着与宿主截然不同的遗传信息,并具有比宿主更多元的代谢功能,包括从食物中摄取能量的能力,比如分解和利用不能被宿主消化的多糖.本文综述碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂类三大主要营养成分对肠道菌群及其代谢的影响,并探讨菌群变化和菌群代谢对动物健康的影响.

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by microbial communities that have important effects on immune function, nutrient processing, and a broad range of other host activities. Diet and other environmental factors can modulate the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, which in turn impacts health. On the other hand, microbiota and its collective genomes provide us with genetic and metabolic attributes we have not been required to evolve on our own, including the ability to harvest nutrients such as polysaccharides. This review will focus on the impact of dietary macronutrients（carbohydrate, protein and fat） on the microbial ecology and metabolism within the intestine, and explore some of the consequences for animal health.