2004年-2013年浙江省衢州市鼠疫历史疫区啮齿类动物监测分析

Monitoring and analysis of rodents in previous plague area in Quzhou city during 2004- 2013

目的掌握衢州市鼠疫历史疫区啮齿类动物分布特征,为监测及预警提供依据。方法在监测点采用笼日法捕鼠,对捕获鼠分类鉴定,并进行鼠密度、生境分布调查;用放射免疫、间接血凝及反向血凝试验检测鼠疫F1抗体、抗原,四步检验分离鼠疫菌;同时主动搜索不明原因自毙动物及开展疫情监测等以掌握鼠疫疫情情况。结果家栖鼠优势种主要为黄胸鼠和褐家鼠,野鼠主要为黑线姬鼠;其中室内、室外平均鼠密度分别为2.99%、1.20%;捕获鼠血清鼠疫F1抗体、抗原和细菌检测结果均为阴性;另外未发现自毙动物及鼠疫病例。结论衢州市啮齿类动物构成保持稳定,密度低,尚未发现动物鼠疫疫情,仍应坚持监测,及时发现异常动态,防止人间鼠疫的发生。

Objective To monitor the population density of rodents in historical epidemical area of Quzhou and to provide scientific evidence for plague control and prevention effectively. Methods The cage traps method in the daytime was used to catch the rat in the monitoring area. The caught rats were identified and the population density and habitat of rats were investigated.Radioimmunoassay,indirect hemagglutination test were employed to detect the plague F1 antibody,the antigens,and four step test isolated of yersinia pestis. The animals with unexplained death were searched for,and epidemic surveillance wasconducted.Results The dominant species of house rats were rattus norvegicus and rattus flavipectus,and apodemus agrarius was the dominating species of field rats. 2. 99% for rats in house and 1. 20% for rats in field. The detection results of F1 antibody,antigen and bacteria in serum of the caught rats were negative. A large numbers of animals with unexplained death and plague cases were not found. Conclusion The compositon of rodents in Quzhou remains stable with low density,and plague epidemic had not been found. However,plague surveillance still should be performed for timely detection of abnormal signals,to prevent the recurrence of human plague.