庄子“物役”与马克思“异化”辩析

Zhuangzi's “Enslavement”and Marx's “Alienation”

马克思的异化理论认为人被三种东西异化:商品、劳动和类。此种异化又分四个层次:人与自然相异化、类生活和个人生活的异化、人的类本质成了异己的本质、人与人相异化。庄子认为人被物役的物分为有形的物和无形的物,人被物役是因为人有习心。改变这种异化或物役的方法,马克思走社会革命的路线,庄子则是靠个人的修养,二者既有相同也有不同。

Marx＇s alienation theory means man can be alienated by three things： commodity,labor and human nature. The alienation can also be divided into four levels： the alienation from nature,labor process,human nature,and fellow human beings. Zhuangzi thinks man can be enslaved by tangible and intangible things because people have the desire for them. To refuse alienation or enslavement,Marx chose social revolution while Zhuangzi chose self- cultivation.