孤本《近思录传》与清初的理学转向

The Only Existing Copy of Jin Si Lu Zhuan and the Transition of the Neo-Confucianism in the Early Qing Dynasty

上海图书馆藏清张习孔《近思录传》是一个孤本,它是清代第一部《近思录》注本,纠正了明代流行的周公恕《近思录分类集解》对《近思录》理论构架的改编。在诠释《近思录》时,强化了理学的经世作用,告诫和批判统治者,强调他们的政治责任,并且重新重视理学的知识传统,强调经史的作用。既标示了清初程朱之学的复兴,又体现了中下层士人在理学构架中寄寓的政治关怀和知识关怀。

Zhang Xikong's Jin Si Lu Zhuan which is conserved in Shanghai Library is the only existing copy of this book. Jin Si Lu Zhuan is the first Commentary to the book Jin Si Lu in the Qing Dynasty. Before Zhang's commentary appeared in Ming China,Zhou Gongshu had complied a book named Jin Si Lu Fen Lei Ji Jie which recomposed Jin Si Lu and was popular at that time. Zhang's commentary corrected its wrong recomposition and restored the original theoretical framework of Jin Si Lu. Furthermore,it emphasized the practical function of the Neo-Confucianism and then warned the governor not to forget and abandon their political responsibilities. Meanwhile,it attached importance to the tradition of knowledge of the Neo-Confucianism in which the Confucian classics and historical books had played an important role. Jin Si Lu Zhuan not only indicated the revival of the Cheng-Zhu Confucian School in the early Qing Dynasty,but also showed the concern about politics and knowledge in the Neo-Confucianism's framework from the scholars in the middle and low stratum.