“群学”与“道统”:严复和张之洞的思想交锋——从两种《劝学篇》说起

Sociology and Confucian Orthodoxy: Thought Conflict between Yan Fu and Zhang Zhidong

戊戌前夕,严复、张之洞相继译/撰《劝学篇》,并均于当时报刊发表。通过文本内外的细节性证据,可推断两部同名著作之间存在着对话乃至对抗的微妙关系:严复译介"群学",挑战了儒家"道统",张之洞起而以"中体西用"说来捍卫。这一事实不仅是之前《时务报》上《辟韩》与《孝感屠梅君侍御辨〈辟韩〉书》之争的继续,也蕴涵着维新思想的内部差异乃至话语权的争夺。而之后严复的文章与书信中,更是或暗或明地持续对张加以回应。由此亦可对严复在清末民初对"东学"的批评获得更进一步的理解。借助人物心理的贴近与历史细节的还原,可进一步呈现清末思想史实的这一段内在线索。

In the winter of 1897,Yan Fu started to translate Herbert Spencer's The Study of Sociology,and serialized it on the magazine of Guowenhuibian. Several months later,Zhang Zhidong finished his famous work Quanxuepian,which used the same name of Yan Fu's translation. This paper tries to prove that Zhang Zhidong's writing was intended to refute Yan Fu's introduction of western social sciences,and presents the details of the thought conflict between these two scholars.