比较视野中的总统制与议会制之争

Comparative Perspectives on Debate between Presidentialism and Parliamentarism

20世纪90年代以来,随着新兴民主国家在宪政转型中制度抉择上的争议,在理论上探讨总统制与议会内阁制的优劣成为政治学界的重要论题。文章从比较方法论的角度,对20世纪90年代至今总统制与议会制之争的学术讨论从学理上进行了系统的梳理。文章认为,这一学术争论经历了三个阶段,讨论的重心经历了从宏观的政体层面、中观的配套制度兼容性层面、到微观的决策者与议事程序层面的规律性变化。

It has been an important topic among scholars of politics to discuss the pros and cons between presidential system and parliamentary cabinet system in the new democracies since the 1990s. From the perspective of comparative methodology, this paper gives a review of the dispute between Presidentialism and Parliamentarism on the choices of constitutional transition in the third wave democratization countries. It is found that the academic debate has gone through three stages and the focus of the discussion has undergone regular changes ： from the regime choice of macro-level, compatibility matching system of middle-level, to policy makers and the proceedings of the micro-level.