专业指导下的社区高血压患者自我管理效果评价

Evaluation of the effects of self-management on hypertension in community under the professional guidance

目的:评价南京市社区高血压患者自我管理1年后在改变患者知识、行为、自我管理及血压控制等方面的效果。方法:以南京市栖霞区为研究现场,开展社区高血压患者自我管理研究,通过问卷调查收集自我管理前后管理组与对照组高血压患者对高血压相关知识知晓率以及行为和健康相关指标的变化,分析比较两组之间的差异。结果:干预前两组之间在年龄、性别、病程、遗传史等方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后管理组在高血压诊断标准、高血压危险行为、高血压控制措施等方面知识知晓率高于对照组(P<0.05);管理组中吸烟、饮酒、精神紧张、高盐饮食的比例分别为19.9%、10.1%、55.1%、24.0%,均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);管理组中规律测血压、经常与医生交流病情、规范化合理用药的比例分别为92.2%、88.2%、78.0%,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血压、血糖、血脂的控制效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:社区高血压患者自我管理能够提高患者高血压相关知识知晓率、改变危险行为、养成良好行为,能够有效地控制血压。

Objective： To evaluate the effects of self-management of patient with hypertension related knowledge and behavior of blood pressure control after one year in Nanjing community. Methods： The study was conducted in Qixia district in Nanjing city,through development of community self-management studies of hypertension. The patients were researched,through questionnaires for the changes of patients with hypertension-related knowledge,behavior and health-related indicators before and after the self-management of hypertension. Comparative analysis of the differences was done between the two groups. Results： Before intervention,there were no significant differences（ P 0. 05） between the two groups in terms of age,gender,disease duration,and genetic history,etc.After the intervention,the diagnostic criteria of hypertension,high blood pressure risk behavior,knowledge and awareness of hypertension control measures of the patients in the management group were higher than those in the control group（ P 0. 05）; the proportions of smoking,alcohol consumption,mental stress,high salt diet in the management group were 19. 9%,10. 1%,55. 1%,24. 0%,lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant（ P 0. 05）; the proportions of regular blood pressure measurement,communications with doctors,rational use of drugs were 92. 2%,88,2%,78. 0%,which were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant（ P 0. 05）; the effect of management control of blood pressure,blood sugar,blood lipids control were better than those in the control group（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion： Community self-management in patients with hypertension can increase knowledge awareness,change risky behavior and develop good behavior,so it can effectively control blood pressure.