论南亚区域能源合作的现状及挑战

South Asian Regional Energy Cooperation: Current Situation and Challenges Ahead

21世纪以来,南亚国家普遍面临着石油对外依存度过高、电力严重短缺与节能减排压力巨大等问题。进行区域合作是该地区解决上述问题的重要手段。目前,南亚的区域能源合作分为双边与多边两个层面。在双边层面,仅有印度与尼泊尔、不丹两国建立了较为深入的合作关系;在多边层面,南亚仍主要停留在项目研讨与政策咨询阶段。能源资源互补性差、政治互信缺乏与政府对能源市场介入过多是导致南亚区域合作成果有限的主要原因。未来,该地区能源领域缺少整合的现状仍将持续,寻求与域外国家进行能源合作将成为南亚国家解决能源问题的主要出路。

Since the coming of 21 st Century, South Asian countries in general have been encountered with a set of energy problems covering over-dependency of oil importation, serious power shortage, low energy efficiency and severe environmental pollution.Regional energy cooperation is an important solution to such problems. Regional energy cooperation in South Asia could be perceived as a two level systems. On bilateral level, in-depth cooperation has only been established between India with Nepal and Bhutan. On multilateral level, South Asian countries still stay in the stage of project discussion and policy consultation. The low complementarity of energy resources, lack of political mutual trust and excessive governmental intervention in energy market are main reasons of the less-than-satisfactory results. Energy cooperation with foreign countries might become the main way for South Asian countries to solve their energy problems, as the outlook of South Asian regional energy cooperation is not optimistic