上海市浦东新区大气PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源分析

Distribution and sources of PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs in Pudong, Shanghai

目的了解上海市浦东新区大气PM_（2.5）中15种多环芳烃的分布状况,并初步分析其来源。方法 2014年9月至2015年8月在浦东新区设置5个采样点,采集大气PM_（2.5）样品419件,用高效液相色谱-荧光法测定PM_（2.5）中的15种多环芳烃含量。结果 5个采样点的15种PAHs总浓度范围分别为1.60~41.97、1.95~72.22、1.90~49.58、3.56~59.07、1.43~59.22 ng/m3,均以冬季浓度最高。大气PM_（2.5）中以4~6环PAHs为主,其中美国环境保护局列出的7种PAHs致癌物所占比例为36.8%~71.0%,且5个采样点的最高比例均出现于冬季。采用比值法推测该地区PAHs主要来源于机动车尾气排放。结论需加强冬季大气PM_（2.5）中多环芳烃污染的预防和监测,并控制机动车尾气排放。

Objective To investigate the distribution and sources of 15 PM_（2.5）-bound PAHs in Pudong,Shanghai. Methods A total of 419 samples were collected from five different sampling sites in Pudong during September 2014 to August 2015. A total of 15 PM_（2.5）-bound PAHs were determined by HPLC-FLR. Results The concentrations of total 15 PAHs from five different monitoring sites were 1.60-41.97, 1.95-72.22, 1.90-49.58, 3.56-59.07 and 1.43-59.22 ng/m3, respectively. Higher concentrations were measured in winter than in other seasons. PAHs were mainly composed of 4-6-ring PAHs. Seven PAHs classified as carcinogenic by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（US EPA） accounted for 36.8% to 71.0% with highest levels in winter in all five sampling sites. PAHs diagnostic ratios indicated that vehicular emission was the main emission source in Pudong New Area. Conclusion It suggests that the prevention and monitoring of PAHs should be strengthened in winter and the relevant departments ought to make effective measures to reduce the emission of vehicle.