尿铅的胶束增溶快速测定法

Rapid determination of lead in urine by micellar solubilization

目的建立人尿液中铅含量的目视比色快速测定方法。方法在表面活性剂增溶作用下,尿液中的铅离子在酸性介质中与硫氰酸盐和甲基紫形成三元离子缔合物,该胶束增溶体系随三元缔合物胶束的浓度不同而显示不同的颜色,以目视比色法进行半定量分析。结果硫氰酸钠、硫酸、甲基紫、OP乳化剂的浓度分别为1.50~2.50 mol/L、0.04~0.45 mol/L、0.5~30.0 mmol/L、12.4~18.5 mmol/L时显色效果最理想。以胶束增溶法测定120份尿液样本,同时与双硫腙比色法（SP法）测定结果比较,两种结果的符合率为99.17%。结论该方法操作简便快速,结果准确直观,可用于人尿液铅含量的半定量快速测定,适用于铅污染人群的普查。

Objective To establish a rapid method for semiquantitative determination of lead in human urine by visual colorimetry. Methods In the presence of surfactant,lead ion reacted with thiocyanate and crystal violet to form a ternary ionassociation complex which showed different colors when its concentration changed. Results This method was compared with routine dithizone colorimetric method（Pbu-SP） by testing 120 urine samples and the coincidente rate was 99.17%. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate and can be used for semiquantitative determination of lead content in human urine samples.