美国公民教育的历史变迁与启示(1776-1976)

Historical Changes and Enlightenment of American Civic Education(1776-1976)

美国政府自独立战争以来就注重普及公民教育,18、19世纪长期以"美国精神"和爱国主义培养民众的国家及民族认同感。1916年以后,美国将"社会科"课程作为公民教育的主要载体,开启了现代公民教育时代。冷战初期的美国公民教育一度强调意识形态的对抗,在经历20世纪六七十年代的变革后走上了传授公民技能与培养批判精神并重的道路。美国公民教育200年的发展变迁史能给我国思想政治教育以重要启示。

Ever since the Revolutionary War, the U. S. government has focused on the popularization of civic education. It once attempted to cultivate citizens＇ sense of national identity with ＂American Spirit＂ and patriotism during the 18th and 19th century. After 1916, the course of ＂social studies＂ became the main carrier of American civic education, thus opened the modern age of civic education. During the early period of the Cold War, the American civic education once emphasized ideological confrontation and then embarked on the route of both teaching skills and training critical spirit after the reform in the 1960s and 1970s. The historical changes of the American civic education within the past 200 years is able to bring us significant enlightenment to the ideological and political education in our country.