父母超重肥胖对儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响

Influence of parental overweight and obesity on childhood overweight and obesity

目的探讨父母超重肥胖对儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响,为从父母因素方面入手预防儿童超重肥胖提供参考。方法方便抽取北京市昌平区小学二～五年级和初一、初二年级的749名7～15岁学生。测量学生的身高、体重,并通过调查问卷获得父母的身高与体重。分别按照中国学龄儿童青少年体质量指数（BMI）超重、肥胖筛查标准和我国成人超重和肥胖界限,将学生和父母划分为非超重、超重/肥胖。采用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析父母超重肥胖对儿童青少年超重肥胖的影响。结果 749名儿童青少年中,超重肥胖者占36.7%（275/749）。父亲的超重肥胖率为65.6%（491/749）,母亲为33.6%（252/749）。父母均超重肥胖、仅父亲超重肥胖、仅母亲超重肥胖的儿童青少年发生超重肥胖的危险性分别是父母均非超重者的3.95倍（95%CI=2.41～6.48）、3.11倍（95%CI=1.97～4.93）和2.74倍（95%CI=1.45～5.18）。男生发生超重肥胖的风险最高的为双亲均超重肥胖者,其次为仅父亲超重肥胖者;女生父母均超重肥胖者、仅父亲超重肥胖者和仅母亲超重肥胖者发生超重肥胖的风险差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0.05）。结论父母超重肥胖是儿童超重肥胖的重要危险因素,且存在子女性别差异;仅父亲超重肥胖对于男生的影响大于母亲,应作为今后儿童肥胖防控的重点方面。

Objective To explore the influence of parental overweight/obesity on children＇s overweight/obesity and to pro- vide evidence on preventing and controlling childhood overweight and obesity from parental aspects. Methods Subjects were 749 children and adolescents aged 7 to 15 from Grade 2 to 5 in primary schools and Grade 1 to 2 of middle schools in Changping Dis- trict, Beijing. Students＇ height and weight were measured, and parents＇ height and weight were obtained from questionnaire. Students and parents were divided into non-overweight, overweight and obesity based on body mass index reference for screening o- verweight and obesity in Chinese school-age children and values of body mass index to risk factors of related diseases in Chinese a- dult population, respectively. χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between parental overweight/obesi- ty on children＇s overweight/obesity. Results Among 749 subjects, 36.7% （275/749 ） were overweight or obese. The overweight/ obesity prevalence of fathers and mothers was 65.6% （ 491/749 ） and 33.6% （ 252/749 ） , respectively. The risks of childhood o- verweight/obesity with both parents＇ overweight/obesity, with only father＇s overweight/obesity, and with only mother＇s overweight/ obesity were 3.95 times （ 95 % CI= 2.41-6.48 ）, 3.11 times （ 95 % CI = 1.97-4.93 ） and 2.74 times （ 95 % CI= 1.45-5.18 ） high- er than those with normal weight parents. For boys, those with both parents＇ overweight/obesity had the highest risk of over- weight/obesity, followed by those with only father＇s overweight/obesity and only mother＇s overweight/obesity. While for girls, those with both parents＇ overweight/obesity, with only father＇s overweight/obesity and with only mother＇s overweight/obesity had similar risks of overweight/obesity. Conclusion Parental overweight/obesity was important risk factor of childhood overweight/obesity, and there was sex disparity among children. Father＇s single influence on boy was stronger than mother＇s, which should be regarded as priority in childhood obesity prevention and control in the future.