哈尔滨市城区10～18岁青少年代谢综合征及危险组分分析

Analysis on metabolic syndrome and clustering of risk components among 10-18 years old adolescents in Harbin city

目的了解哈尔滨市城区10～18岁青少年代谢综合征危险组分异常率及聚集情况,为保护青少年健康提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在哈尔滨市城区的6所学校选取1 640名10～18岁青少年进行体格检查及相关代谢生化检测。结果中小学生代谢综合征总患病率为5.4%,其中男生为6.9%,女生为3.9%。男女生中心性肥胖、高血糖、低HDL-C、高non-HDL-C的异常率差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为5.91,10.10,7.89,3.45,P值均〈0.05）;不同年龄组高血压、高血糖异常率差异均有统计学意义（χ2值分别为43.94,21.30,P值均〈0.05）,10～15岁组中心性肥胖异常率最高（25.6%）,16～18岁组高血压异常率最高（27.0%）;不同BMI分组间除血糖外,其他代谢综合征危险组分检出率差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0.05）,且肥胖组最高,超重组、体重正常组、消瘦组依次下降。不同危险组分聚集下,男女生间在〉2个聚集个数后,危险组分聚集率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;16～18岁组与10～15岁组在〉3个聚集个数后,危险组分聚集率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同BMI分组下危险组分聚集率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论哈尔滨市城区10～18岁青少年代谢综合征患病率较高;在不考虑中心性肥胖为判定代谢综合征的必需条件下,5个危险组分中聚集数超过2个就可能存在代谢风险。

Objective To understand risk components of metabolic syndrome （MetS） in 10-18 years old adolescents in Harbin city. Methods By using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 1 640 adolescents from 6 schools in Harbin city aged 10-18 were investigated with physical examination and related metabolic biochemical data. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population was 5.4%, with boy 6.9% and girl 3.9%. Prevalence of central obesity, hyperglycemia, low HDL-C and high non-HDL-C showed significant gender differences （χ2 =5.91, 10. 10, 7.89, 3.45, P〈0.05）. Hypertension and hyperglycemia were statistically significant in different age groups （χ2 =43.94, 21.30, P〈0.05）. Central obesity was most common in 10-15 age group （25.6%）, while hypertension was highest in 16 -18 age group （27, 0%）. Except blood glucose, other com- ponents of metabolic syndrome had significant differences in different BMI groups （P〈0.05）, with obesity〉overweight〉normal weight group〉thinness group. There was significant gender difference in risk components clustering. Adolescents aged 10-15 years old and 16-18 years old had different clustering rate of risk factors when it included more than 3 types of risk components. There were differences in the clustering of risk components in different BMI categories. Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syn- drome in 10-18 year old adolescents in Harbin city is relatively high. Central obesity and hyperglycemia has gender dimorphism while hypertension and hyperglycemia is different by age. Without considering central obesity as a necessary element, metabolic syndrome should be included at least 2 out of 5 risk factors clustering.