水淬渣与钢渣硅肥对玉米硅、磷养分吸收及产量的影响

Comparison of Water Cooling Slag and Steel Slag Amendment on Maize Growth, Si and P Nutrition as well as Yield

硅作为有益元素对促进作物生长发育及增强抗逆性等方面有显著效果。本研究在2013—2014年进行了2年田间小区试验,对比研究了水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,分析了施硅对玉米硅、磷营养吸收及硅肥利用率的效应。结果表明:施硅可显著提高土壤有效硅含量(P<0.05),如在抽雄、乳熟及成熟期水淬渣硅肥处理的土壤有效硅含量分别比不施硅肥处理(CK)处理提高36.9%、15.3%和9.7%;施硅处理均显著提高了玉米叶面积指数、干物质量和产量(P<0.05),水淬渣和钢渣硅肥处理的玉米产量为17 979 kg/hm2和17 134 kg/hm2,分别比CK处理提高18.9%和13.3%。2年结果均显示硅肥处理显著提高了成熟期玉米植株的吸硅量与吸磷量(P<0.05),水淬渣与钢渣硅肥处理的年均吸硅量分别比CK处理增加14.6%和10.4%,其年均吸磷量分别比CK处理增加11.5%和8.7%。玉米吸硅量与吸磷量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),硅肥处理可显著改善玉米生育期内磷素营养,提高磷肥偏生产力;水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥年均硅肥利用率分别达38.9%和27.8%,且水淬渣硅肥利用率明显高于钢渣硅肥。

As a beneficial element, Si plays a significant role on crop growth promotion and resistance strengthen. In the present study, a two-year field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014. The influence of water-cooling slag and steel slag on the growth and yield of maize were studied, and the effects of Si application on maize Si and P uptake as well as Si fertilizer utilization efficiency were analyzed. It was found that both Si fertilizers of water-cooling slag and steel slag significantly increased soil available Si content（P〈0.05）. For instance, compared to the CK, the treatment of water-cooling slag application increased soil available Si by 36.9%, 15.3% and 9.7% in tesseling, dough and mature stage, respectively. The two kinds of Si fertilizer treatments significantly improved the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of maize（P〈0.05）. Also, maize yields of 17 979 kg/hm2 in water-cooling slag treatment and 17 134 kg/hm2 in steel slag treatment were gained, 18.9% and 13.3% higher than the CK, respectively. Compared with the CK, Si fertilizer application increased Si and P uptake by maize plant significantly（P〈0.05）, by 14.6% for Si uptake and 11.5% for P uptake in water-cooling slag treatment and by 10.4% for Si uptake and 8.7% for P uptake in steel slag treatment, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between maize Si uptake and P nutrition（P〈0.01） furthermore, Si fertilizer application increased obviously plant P nutrition and P partial productivity. Si fertilizer utilization efficiency was 38.9% in water-cooling slag treatment and 27.8% in steel slag treatment, indicating water-cooling slag fertilizer is better than steel slag.