初中生学校适应量表的编制和信效度检验

Development of the Scale of School Adjustment for Junior High School Student and Its Validity and Reliability

目的：编制适合测量我国初中生学校适应的量表。方法：本研究在查阅文献和开放式问卷的基础上,通过项目分析、鉴别度、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析确定了初中生学校适应正式量表的题目,并对该量表进行了信度和效度检验。结果：探索性因素分析表明,初中生学校适应量表包括7个因子：学习适应、学校态度、情绪适应、集体活动适应、师生关系亲密性、师生关系冲突性和同伴关系,这7个因子可解释总变异的46.750%。验证性因素分析表明,所提取的7个因子与构想模型拟合较好（χ^2/df=3.038,REMA=0.046,TLI=0.850,CFI=0.855,NFI=0.798,GFI=0.768）,该量表具有较好的结构效度。初中生学校适应量表全部题目以及各因子的内部一致性信度Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.958、0.898、0.947、0.912、0.881、0.934、0.906、0.886。该量表全部题目的再测信度为0.752,并且该量表各维度以及全部题目的再测信度也达到了显著性水平（P〈0.01）。结论：初中生学校适应量表具有较好的信度和效度,适合评定我国初中生的学校适应状况。

Objective：To develop the scale of school adjustment for junior high school students in China.Methods：On the basis of extant reference and open questionnaire,the scale for junior high school students was developed by item analysis,identification degree,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,and validity and reliability were examined.Results：Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the scale of school adjustment for junior high school students included seven dimensionalities：Academic adjustment,school attitude,emotion adjustment,class activity adjustment,teacher-student intimation,teacher-student conflict and classmate relationship,which explained46.750%total variance.The result of confirmatory factory analysis indicated that seven extraction factors fit well with conceptual model（χ^2/df=3.038,REMA=0.046,TLI=0.850,CFI=0.855,NFI=0.798,GFI=0.768）,and the structural validity of the scale was acceptable.In addition,international consistency coefficients（Cronbach＇s）αof whole scale was 0.958,international consistency coefficients of the subscales was 0.958,0.898,0.947,0.912,0.881,0.934,0.906,0.886.Retest reliability of whole scale was 0.752 and the retest reliability of whole scale and subscales were significant（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：The scale of school adjustment for junior high school students has acceptable reliabilities and validities,and can be used to measure the school adjustment for junior high school students in China.