新疆桑叶生物活性成分种属与季节差异性研究

Differences of species and seasonal on bioactive components of the Xinjiang mulberry leaves

桑叶富含1-脱氧野尻霉素（1-deoxynojirimycin,DNJ）、黄酮及多糖等生物活性成分,具有降血糖、抗氧化、抗炎等生物活性。研究对新疆和田地区同一季节（10月）的21个桑叶品种、不同季节（4月、8月、10月）的8个桑叶品种的DNJ、总黄酮及多糖含量进行分析。结果表明,21个品种桑叶的DNJ、总黄酮及多糖含量差异均非常明显,其中DNJ含量为0.574~3.505 mg/g,总黄酮含量为1.670~5.197 g/100 g,多糖含量为7.934~16.029 g/100 g。8个品种的10月桑叶多糖含量均高于8月桑叶、4月桑叶;除白桑之外,其余7个桑叶品种的10月桑叶DNJ含量均高于8月桑叶、4月桑叶,提示DNJ与多糖含量随季节累积而增多,而总黄酮含量的季节差异性无明显规律。

Mulberry leaves are rich in 1-deoxynojirimycin（DNJ）,flavonoids and polysaccharides and other bioactive components,which have biological activities such as lowering blood sugar,anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation.In the present study,contents of DNJ,total flavonoids and polysaccharides were analyzed of mulberry leaves from 21 mulberry varieties collected in the same season and 8 mulberry varieties collected from different seasons（April,August,and October）from Hetian,Xinjiang.Results showed that contents of DNJ,flavonoids and polysaccharides were significantly different from each other among 21 mulberry varieties.The DNJ content was between 0.574~3.505 g/100 g,the content of total flavonoids is between 1.670~5.197 g/100 g,the polysaccharide content was between 7.934~16.029 g/100 g.Polysaccharides contents of mulberry leaves from 8 varieties collected in October were higher than those collected in August and April.In addition to this,DNJ contents of mulberry leaves from 7 varieties collected in October were also higher than those collected in August and April except the white mulberry variety,which indicating that levels of DNJ and polysaccharide in mulberry leaves accumulated as the seasons went on.No obvious regularities were found of total flavonoids contents in mulberry leaves collected from different seasons.