俄罗斯武器出口面临的挑战及应对措施

The Challenges and Countermeasures of the Russian Arms Trade

武器贸易是一种特殊的国际贸易形式,是世界大国追逐政治、经济、军事、外交利益的重要途径。作为世界第二大武器出口国,俄罗斯的武器出口呈现出贸易规模大、比较优势强、交易种类多、地区分布广泛以及贸易方式灵活等特征。在俄乌对抗和西方制裁发生后,俄罗斯国内外呈现新的发展形势,俄罗斯武器生产和贸易面临零部件封锁、进口替代困难、实际投入下降、外部市场变化、开拓市场能力不足以及技术创新、质量管理和专利保护等多方面的挑战。俄罗斯通过采取灵活的政治外交战略、实施进口替代和国家军备计划、采取多元化市场战略、提升对外军事技术合作和加大武器营销力度等措施,促进了俄罗斯武器出口贸易。俄罗斯仍将在一定时期内保持武器出口的优势地位。

Arms trade is a special form of international trade,and it is an important way that world super powers pursue political,economic,military,and diplomatic interests. As the second largest arms exporter in the world,Russia's arms trade show many features,such as large trade scale,strong comparative advantages,various transaction types,widely distributed area,and flexible trade styles. Since the Russia-Ukraine confrontation and Western sanctions,Russia emerged new development situation. The arms production and trade was facing so many challenges,including parts trade embargo,import substitution difficulties,actual investment decline,the external market changes,lack of the marketing ability and some problems in technical innovation,quality management and patent protection. Russia took a flexible political and diplomatic strategy,implemented import substitution and State Armaments Plans,used diversified market strategy,enhanced military-technical cooperation,increased arms marketing efforts and other measures to promote Russia's military exports. Russia will remain the dominant position of arms exports in a given period.