煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染调查

Survey on coal workers' pneumoconiosis with lower respiratory tract fungal infection

目的了解煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染特点及危险因素,为临床科学选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某医院住院煤矿工人尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染情况及感染真菌分布进行了调查与分析。结果该医院在连续3年期间共发生181例由真菌引起的下呼吸道感染患者,其中有56.35%为煤工尘肺患者,其余43.65%为普通尘肺患者。引起尘肺患者下呼吸道感染的真菌中,念珠菌占47.51%,白假丝菌占35.91%,分居第1、2位。尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染的主要危险因素包括患者高龄,长时间住院、伴随基础疾病、激素应用和侵袭性操作等。结论煤工尘肺患者下呼吸道真菌感染率较高,有效防控措施包括缩短住院时间、提高机体免疫力、减少侵入性操作和加强病人呼吸道护理。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and major risk factors on coal workers＇ pneumoconiosis（ CWP）combined with lower respiratory tract fungal infection,so as to provide scientific basis for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. Methods Retrospective investigation was used to investigate and analyze lower respiratory tract fungal infection situation and distribution on CWP in one hospital. Results There were 181 cases of patients with lower respiratory tract infections caused by fungi during the period of three years in this hospital. 56. 35% were CWP and 43. 65% were ordinary pneumoconiosis patients. Among the fungi causing CWP lower respiratory tract infections,candida（ 47. 51%） was the most,and then was white candida fungus（ 35. 91%）. The mainly factors of pneumoconiosis patients with lower respiratory tract fungal infection included age,too long period of hospitalization,the underlying conditions,hormone administration and aggressive operation,etc. Conclusion The rate of CWP patients with lower respiratory tract fungal infection is high,it is important to short hospital stay,improve the patients＇ immunity,reduce aggressive operations,and strengthen the nursing of respiratory tract of patient.