根结线虫多样性研究进展

Research progress on diversity of root-knot nematodes

根结线虫属(Meloidogyne spp.)是专性内寄生物,寄主范围广,全球分布,给世界农业生产造成严重为害。生殖方式主要有孤雌生殖和两性融合。系统发育学研究指出,种间杂交可能在根结线虫多样化的进程中起着重要作用。越来越多的证据表明,基因组范围内的序列重复和水平基因转移为根结线虫的多样性提供了遗传基础。南方根结线虫(Meloidogyne incognita)和北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)基因组测序的完成和注释也为研究根结线虫的多样性提供了重要线索。根结线虫的多样性给鉴定和防治工作带来了巨大挑战,需要寻找更加有效的方法。

Root-knot nematodes（RKNs）（Meloidogyne spp.） were obligate endoparasites of major worldwide economic importance with reproductive strategies of amphimixis and parthenogenesis. Molecular phylogenetic studies had highlighted interspecific hybridization as critical steps in their speciation and diversification process. Accumulating evidence suggested that genome duplication and horizontal gene transfers（HGTs） represent major events that had provided genetic basis of RKNs diversity. Recent completion of genomes of two RKNs, M. hapla and M. incognita provided more important information about evolution and diversity. Diversity of RKNs had brought huge challenge to identification and control of RKNs.