云南海口林场中药林下种植模式初探

Preliminary Study of Cultivation on Understory Intercropping Medicinal Plants of Haikou Forest Farm in Yunnan

目的:选用滇黄精、何首乌、天冬3种中药不同的方式繁育种苗进行林下种植,以期为当地林下种植中药的可行性提供科学依据。方法:分别采用块根、扦插和种子3种方式繁育种苗进行中药材种植开展林下种植,同时开展大田栽培方式进行对比,观察3种中药的成活率、生长状况及产量,并对其经济效益进行比较。同时对林下栽培经济效益较好的品种进行药材质量分析。结果:相比大田栽培,林下种植的3个中药品种成活率、药材产量及经济效益均较低。但其中滇黄精成活率、产量及经济效益与大田栽培最为接近,天冬次之,何首乌最差。对经济效益最好的滇黄精进行质量评价发现,种植4年后,滇黄精药材质量符合药典标准,且其主要药效成分黄精多糖含量高达14.02%,高出药典标准2倍。结论:开展以块根繁殖的滇黄精林下栽培生产,其经济效益与大田栽培接近,且品质优良,认为滇黄精林下栽培是当地值得规模化推广的林药生产模式。

Objective： Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl., P. multiflorum Thunb., and Asparagus cochinchinensis（ Lour.） Merr. three Chinese medicinal herbs were selected as a representative to explore a mode of inter-planting understory Chinese medicinal herbs by using different method of breeding seedling planting,in order to provide a scientific basis for the feasibility. Methods： Three medicinal plants were cultivated extensive production and management as mode of understory intercropping using the root tuber,cutting and seed seedling,the survival rate,growth and yield of the plants were observed and compared. The economic benefits were analyzed. Results： Comparison of field planting,survival rate,growth,yield and economic benefit of understory intercropping was low. Among three herbs,survival rate,yield and economic benefit of the of P. kingianum was the highest, the second was A. cochinchinensis, the P. multiflorum was the worst. Four years after planting,the quality of P. kingianum was accorded with the standard of Chinese pharmacopoeia,and the polysaccharides was two times higher than the minimum requirement. Conclusion： The economic benefit of under forest cultivation of P. Kingianum is nearly comparable with field production for P. kingianum,but with a better quality,it would be worthy of large-scale promotion for medicine-wood model.