连作介导的药用植物及其根际微生态灾变机制研究展望

Review on Catastrophe Mechanism of Medicinal Plant and Its Rhizosphere Microecosystem Mediated by Consecutive Monoculture

在中药材生产过程中,由于药用植物单一化种植引起"植物-土壤-微生物"系统中各种量效关系发生变化,导致连作障碍。随着现代生物技术的发展尤其是各种宏组学技术的应用,植物化感作用、农田土壤修复、根际微生物趋化及调控等领域的研究方法与技术取得了长足发展。深入系统地研究药用植物连作介导下"植物-土壤-微生物"系统中的互作关系及机理,对揭示连作障碍的形成机制、重构中药农业生态系统、消减连作障碍效应、促进中药材规范化种植和可持续发展等具有重要的指导意义。本文从连作介导下药用植物对其生境产生的诱变和响应、连作对植药土壤固有理化性状的改变、连作介导的药用植物根际生物学过程3个层次分别进行综述,结合现代中药农业生产与研究现状,提出了药用植物连作障碍消减技术研究的策略,以期为我国中药材生产的可持续发展和耕地资源的永续利用提供理论依据与技术支撑。

In production of medicinal plant,the different dose-effect relation in ＂ Plant-Soil-Micro＂ system induced consecutive monoculture problem due to medicinal plant monoculture. Recently, with the development of biotechnology techniques,especially the application of meta-omics technologies, the methods and technologies relating to allelopathy of plant,remediation of cropland soil as well as chemotaxis and control of rhizosphere microbiology have achieved a remarkable progress. Therefore,research on the different factors interactions of＂Plant-Soil-Micro＂and relevant mechanisms has important implications for revealing the formation mechanism of consecutive monoculture problem, reducing the effect of consecutive monoculture problem and promoting good agriculture practice and sustainable development. This text summarized the researches of three aspects which were the influence and response of medicinal plant to biotope,physical and chemical properties of inherently soil and rhizosphere biological process of medicinal plant under consecutive monoculture conditions. Further,the research strategy of reduction technique to consecutive monoculture problem of medicinal plant was proposed. It is important theoretical basis and technical support for sustainable development of Chinese herbal medicines production and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in China.